Hydrocyclone

Hydrocyclone Overview

Hydrocyclones are mineral processing equipment used to separate and remove heavier coarse particles of mud and sand and other materials from sewage. Sometimes also used for mud dewatering. Divided into pressure type and gravity type two kinds, often using round column structure or metal pipe production. Water enters by pressure or gravity from the upper part of the structure (or metal pipe) along the tangent line, and under the action of centrifugal force, the coarse and heavy particles are thrown to the wall and rotated downward and discharged together with the thick liquid formed. Smaller particles rotate to a certain extent, although the second upward vortex discharge.

Hydrocyclone structure: the upper part is conical. In the cylindrical cylinder body is equipped with a tangential direction with the cylinder wall of the feed tube. The upper part of the cone is equipped with a center overflow pipe connected to the cylindrical part. The upper end of the overflow pipe is connected to the external pipeline through a buffer chamber or directly to discharge the overflow. The bottom of the cone is equipped with a sedimentation nozzle to discharge coarse-grained sediment. In order to reduce the wear, can be in the feed mouth, sand nozzle and cylinder wall lined with wear-resistant rubber or with pyroxene, cast stone, silicon carbide and other wear-resistant materials.

The working principle of hydrocyclone: when the slurry with sand pump (or high difference) with a certain pressure (generally 0.5 ~ 2.5 kg / cm) and flow rate (about 5 ~ 12 m / s) through the feed pipe along the tangential direction into the cylinder, the slurry will be very fast speed along the wall of the cylinder rotating, and produce a large centrifugal force. Under the action of centrifugal force and gravity, the coarser and heavier ore particles are thrown to the wall, moving downward along the trajectory of the helix, and discharged by the lower part of the cone noisy nozzle, while the finer particles of ore in the center of the cone and the water to form an inner helix of rising slurry flow, discharged through the overflow pipe. Hydrocyclone compared with the mechanical classifier, its advantages are: no moving parts, simple structure; unit volume of production capacity is larger, occupies an area of small; high classification efficiency (up to 80% ~ 90%), fine grading size; low cost, less material consumption. The disadvantage is that parts and components of Maro loss fast; power consumption; to the pressure, concentration and particle size of the ore has a greater impact on the classification index.

Hydrocyclone has been widely used in major metal mines in the beneficiation process.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the spiral flow.

Figure 2. Principal features of a hydrocyclone.

Hydrocyclone is mainly embodied in the following operations:

1, a closed-circuit grinding and classification

2、Second closed-circuit grinding and grading

3、Concentrate regrinding and classification

4、Pre-selection and post-sludge removal of raw ore

5、Tailings damming and backfilling

In the closed-circuit grinding and classifying system formed with one section mill, it has higher classifying efficiency and finer overflow fineness under higher feed concentration, and the classifying efficiency is 5-10% higher than that of the commonly used spiral classifier, which is conducive to the improvement of the utilization coefficient of the mill. According to the requirements of milling capacity, overflow fineness and sediment concentration, the correct selection of suitable specifications and models of cyclone is the prerequisite for achieving the optimal working conditions. We can provide Φ50, Φ75, Φ100, Φ125, Φ150, Φ200, Φ250, Φ300, Φ350, Φ500, Φ660, etc. as single, parallel or tandem units.

When the tailings of the beneficiation plant are sent to the tailings storage for treatment, the fine sand less than 37μm in the tailings should not be used as the material for tailings damming. After using cyclone classification, coarse-grained tailings stay in the dam part, fine-grained grade to the tailing pond tailing movement, fine-grained slurry in the flow process is also natural classification, thin and fine tailings flow process is also natural classification, in the tailing pond tailing then there is a section of the clarified water area, can be utilized as return water. In the whole tail filling process, the use of cyclone pre-graded concentration, so that most of the coarse particles pre-separated down to reduce the subsequent filter load, can achieve better results. The use of cyclone to complete the dam building and filling operations can solve the tailings dam dam leakage, beach collapse, external drainage exceeding the standard and other problems, can achieve obvious economic and social benefits.